Overview

CPT 59840 is used for a surgical abortion procedure where the provider deliberately terminates a pregnancy by dilating the cervix and removing the fetus and products of conception using suction curettage. Typically performed in the first trimester, it requires specific skills and documentation to differentiate it from other obstetric procedures.

Purpose

This code ensures providers are appropriately reimbursed for elective or therapeutic abortions performed via suction D&C. It distinguishes this procedure from non-invasive treatments and protects revenue by accurately documenting clinical intent and gestational age.

Clinical Scenarios Where 59840 Applies

Elective abortion during the first trimester, when a suction D&C is chosen over medical or expectant management.
Termination for maternal health indications requiring removal of pregnancy products.
Treatment of nonviable intrauterine pregnancy when gestational age is less than 14 weeks and surgical evacuation is preferred.

Procedure Overview for 59840

Inclusions: Cervical dilation, suction curettage to remove the fetus and placenta via vaginal route
Exclusions: Dilation and evacuation (use 59841 instead); missed or incomplete abortion procedures (use 59820 or 59812)
Documentation Requirements: Gestational age, indication, cervical dilation method, instruments used, suction details, tissue removal confirmation

Billing and Reimbursement Tips for 59840

Do not bill 59840 for missed or incomplete abortions; those require different codes.
Provide diagnosis codes that match the clinical indication (e.g., elective abortion, maternal risk condition)
Confirm that the gestational age at the time of service is less than 14 weeks, unless the payer allows a later date.
Document the suction curettage method to differentiate it from dilation and evacuation (D&E).

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Precision billing for procedures like suction D&C is essential to ensure appropriate reimbursement, compliance, and provider protection. Our clients partnering with our OBGYN medical billing services see:

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First-pass acceptance rates of 97–99% for CPT 59840 claims when clinical criteria are met

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